History of film editing.
Film editing all started in 1895 by the Lumiere Brothers (1) who invented Cinematographe which was a device that had three in one where it recorded, captured and projected a motion picture. Edwin S Porter showed in 1901 that film didn't have to be just a long still shot, he also used all different footage to tell a different story unrelated to what the footage was actually made to portray.
D.W Griffiths was the one that found out that you can portray people’s different emotions through different camera angles. Griffiths was the one who was recognised for his narrative within films. The kuleshov effect was discovered by Lev Kulshov, he thought that it would make the audience react more to the film.
They were able to do analogue editing on films (4) before editing on computer existed. The footage was put through a machine named K.M.E. Editing as a whole has progressed a lot. We are now using different apps and computers to edit our films, the way they edited when editing first came around was cutting the scene out of the roll of film.
Key practitioners
-Lumiere Brothers
-Edwin S Porter
-D.W Griffiths
video editing techniques
(180 rule, different types of shots, parallel editing)
(2)
Extreme wide shot.
An extreme wide shot is a shot of the view, sometimes the the shot can be so wide that the subject of the shot. This shot is often used in an establishing shot.
Very wide shot.
This shot makes the subject of the shot barely visable, so it is still a shot of the view more than focusing on the subject.
Wide shot.
This shot will take up the whole frame and makes the subject a lot clearer and you will be able to see the subject much clearer than the extreme wide shot for example. The focus of the shot will be more on the subject.
Mid shot.
For example if you took a mid shot on someone to would only be able to see from the middle of the body up. If the subject was a person then you would be able to distinguish their facial expressions.
Medium upclose.
This is half was between a mid shot and a close up. If the subject of the shot was a person then you would be able to see the shoulders up.
Close up.
A close up is where the subject of the shot takes up the whole frame. They could be focusing on a certain feature within the frame using this shot.
Extreme close up.
An extreme close up would be used when you are trying to show some detail of the subject of the frame.
Cut-in.
This shot would show some other details of the subject in the frame. This is what would be used if you are trying to show certain detail within the shot.
point of view shot (POV)
This shot shows what the person can see of the shot for example from their own eyes.
Cut in
This is like a cutaway, it shows some part of the body in great detail. It could be used just as an edit or to emphasise emotion on the person.
Two shot.
This is very similar to a mid shot but you have two people in the shot where you can see from the waist up.
Cutaway
A cutaway is normally a short of something other than the main subject. For example it could be a different subject where it is an animal and the main subject is its owner.
180 rule
The 180 rule means that the people within the shot should maintain the same left/right relationship.
When the camera passes over the invisible axis connecting the two subjects, it is called crossing the line and the shot becomes what is called a reverse angle.
Jump cuts
Jump cuts are editing cuts to go from scene to a next. They just go straight to the next scene in the film.
Fade in/out.
This is another transition from one shot to another but this one slowly goes into the next one fading into it or out of it.
(3)
Parallel editing.
This is the same as crosscutting. It is a technique of alternative scenes that happen simultaneously bt in different locations, it could be often applied to create supense and to add interest and excitement to a boring sequence.
References
Bibliography:
(1) Rothery, K. (2012) Slideshare. Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/katierothery/history-of-editing (Accessed: 15 September 2016).
(2)
Owen, D. (2000) CA - Cutaway shot. Available at: http://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/cutaway.html (Accessed: 28 September 2016).
(3)
Moura, G. (2014) ‘Elements of cinema’, Elements of Cinema, 1 July. Available at: http://www.elementsofcinema.com/editing/parallel-editing/ (Accessed: 4 October 2016).
(4)
Film (2000) Movies and film: Fade in: A brief history of editing. Available at: http://www.infoplease.com/cig/movies-flicks-film/fade-brief-history-editing.html (Accessed: 7 October 2016).
Mr. Holder feedback 27th Sept
Finish history, practitioners and techniques
Wider range of references
Take photo of annotations from books and upload
